Unexpected Role of Nonimmune Cells: Amateur Phagocytes

Effective and efficient efferocytosis of dead cells associated cellular debris are critical to tissue homeostasis healing injured tissues. This important task was previously thought be restricted professional phagocytes (PPs). However, accumulating evidence has revealed another type phagocyte, the amateur phagocyte (AP), which can also participate in efferocytosis. APs non-myeloid progenitor/nonimmune that include differentiated (e.g., epithelial cells, fibroblasts, endothelial [ECs]) stem neuronal progenitor mesenchymal cells) found throughout human body. Studies have shown two prominent roles: identifying removing presumably before PPs reach site injury assisting removal cell corpses resolution inflamed tissue. With respect engulfment degradation slower less than PPs. fundamental preventing spread inflammation over a large area. In this review, we present diversity characteristics healthy non-neoplastic mammals. We propose hypothetical mechanism immunoglobulin G (IgG)-opsonized myelin by ECs (APs). Furthermore, ingestion clearance induce proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokine production, activation, fate transition, contribute progression disease. An understanding role is necessary develop effective intervention strategies, including potential molecular targets for clinical diagnosis drug development, inflammation-related diseases.